Global Health Infectious Disease Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Your Full HIV/AIDS in South Africa Introduction Background Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, more commonly known as AIDS, is the disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV]. Scientists have hypothesized that HIV came from the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus [SIV], which was found in a certain type of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Scientists believed that the SIV was transmitted to the humans who hunted for food decades ago by ingestion or other modes of contact of infected meat and blood. The acquired virus then mutated inside the human body and became HIV (â€Å"Basic Information about HIV and AIDS†, cdc. gov). As the HIV continuous to attack the immune system of the host, and develop to become AIDS, the person’s body becomes less capable to fight even the common diseases and in most cases develop certain types of cancer at the later stages of the disease (â€Å"Basic Information about HIV and AIDS, cdc. gov). Spread and Symptoms The spread of the HIV rely greatly on the exchange of bodily fluids, particularly excretions from the reproductive organs, and even the anus, during unprotected sexual intercourse, or by blood transfusion from an HIV-positive blood donor. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Health Infectious Disease or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Needles, when shared from an HIV-positive individual, pose a high risk of infecting other persons that will be using that contaminated needle. Practices such as tattooing and having drug sessions that use syringes have high risk factors of infection. HIV is also transmitted to infants thru HIV-positive mothers, during birth and even thru breast-feeding (â€Å"Basic Information about HIV and AIDS†, cdc. gov). HIV infected persons sometimes do not feel anything at all the moment they have the virus. The worst symptom is similar to the common flu that lasts to a maximum of two weeks. Other than this symptom, the person with HIV feels as healthy as any non-HIV individual. The onset of AIDS will be the determining factor for the HIV positive persons because of the marked susceptibility to communicable diseases, organ diseases and cancer (â€Å"Basic Information about HIV and AIDS†, cdc. gov) Diagnosis Diagnosis of HIV is done mostly using human blood as the specimen. Tests are done in a duration of days to a few weeks because the antibodies have to be given time to incubate. HIV tests focus on the antibodies correlated to the HIV and not the virus itself. There are some tests referred to as HIV rapid tests that take only about half an hour to finish. Once a patient is found positive at the initial HIV test, a confirmatory test is required (â€Å"HIV Testing Basics for Consumers†, cdc. gov).

Media And The Media Of Society - 891 Words

Society a well-organized group of persons associated together for religious benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes. As a people are born we are placed in a category of poor, middle, and upper class. As media makes their assumptions about who people really are, society watches with content without understanding it is themselves that is being displayed in the television screen. Society plays the role of the actor, but in real life. As a society, we have accepted the truths about how we are and how we react to the actions. People must understand that something is wrong with the media and the misinformation they provide to the audience. As the audience tries to interpret the information that is provided by the media, we as people must look closely at the information and react to it in a different manner than what they would expect. Media plays a role in the reactions of society, which shouldn’t be taken so lightly. The one thing that working clas s has in common with other classes it that their money is going somewhere other than their pockets. People have left their wallets open to the people that are in need of money without the full understanding of their actions. Does this seem just that we have to pay for people that don’t deserve it? â€Å"The divergent fortunes of the rich and the middle class became such a fact of everyday life that people seldom noticed it, except perhaps to observe now and then with a shrug that life was unfair† (357).Show MoreRelatedThe Media Is A Mirror Of Society, And If That Society Is1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe media is a mirror of society, and if that society is by any means influenced by stereotypes, the media will reflect it. Advertising, according to Erving Goffman, author of the book Gender Advertising, depicts how men and women behave as a social purpose and how today’s social purpose is highly unbalanced in men’s favor. Some people say that advertisers sho uld be held accountable for the unethical images they present. Others, however, say that consumers should be to blame because by buying theRead MoreThe Impact of Media on Society853 Words   |  3 PagesHow much of an impact does the media have on your life? How many hours do you spend on the phone, watching television, or browsing the internet? Whether you choose to believe it or not, the media plays an enormous role in our everyday lives, and its impacts continues to stretch as technological advancements and other innovative creations come into place. One of the largest groups that the media affects, we fear is our children. As media continuously grows and undergoes changes, more and more childrenRead MoreMedia And Its Effects On Society976 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society if one were to walk down a populated sidewalk, it would seem merely impossible to spot a sole not twiddling away on their phone. With an entire world unfolding at their fingertips, we witness a s ociety that has become addicted to media. Used as a powerful source of knowledge and entertainment, media plays an enormous role in the development of human life and gender distinction. Through the use of media, guidelines consisting of generated ideas and ways of living, affect both menRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have become one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most Americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect of that is the fact that the media are very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media are expected to be educational.Read MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1669 Words   |  7 Pages The media doesn’t just show us the news and what is going on in the world. It shows us exactly what they want us to see, hear, feel and believe. Therefore we need to be aware that our own lives are not tainted in a negative way through this communication between ourselves and an industry trying to diminish our sense of individuality and shape us into what they themselves want. My research delves into the in-depth processes in which messages are delivered to our eyes and ears, through the news,Read MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society914 Words   |  4 PagesThe media is very a controversial source of information heavily relied upon by many in today’s fast paced society. From its being media has been a controversial provider of information to the public in our nation. What was the initial purpose of the media and what about in today’s society ? How has it changed since it first began in the United States? Finally, does it still serve a useful purpose to socie ty today? These are questions that are often asked but go unanswered to the satisfaction ofRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1678 Words   |  7 Pages When you are young you don t realize that what you are watching on the television is shaping many of your beliefs, distorting what is fictional and what is reality. The media plays a huge role in stereotyping black people compared to white people which has a major impact in how we view the people in our world. When we are watching tv or listening to the radio and it is constantly relating the color of a person s skin to their actions. This causes the audience to associate these actions with aRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Oxford dictionary defines the media as â€Å"the main means of mass communication†, and can consist of anything from television shows to newspaper articles, to twitter feeds, to even word of mouth. In a time where celebrity scandal is integrated into ever y medium, the sensationalization of celebrities in criminal cases can spread like wild fire. This certainly rings true in the case of Bill Cosby, who has been accused of sexual assault since as early as 2005. In 2014, a surge of women came forwardRead MoreThe Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said, â€Å"Whoever controls the media, controls the mind†. The Media have becoming one of the most dominant source of education of the 21st century. We could argue that most americans use the media as their main source of information. The side effect on that is the fact that the media is very polarized. With the ongoing polarization, we could hypothesize that people would have been more politically educated and oriented if the media was not infiltrated. Mass media is expected to be educational. PublicRead MoreMedia And The Influence On Society958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Media and the Influence it has on Society Media plays a significant role in the way it can influence our culture. The media can produce positive and negative impacts on our society. It has the power to produce messages that can manipulate the way people think as well as influencing attitudes and actions taken towards the opposite sex. In the video Tough Guise: Violence, Media, and the Crisis in Masculinity Jackson Katz discusses that the rampant of male violence that affects American society

International Business Environment Free Essays

In a dynamic and competitive world of macro political power and interests, in which occupational groups gain and/or maintain professional standing based on the creation of legal boundaries that mark out the position of specific occupational groups –be they in accountancy and architecture or law and medicine. However, if this suggests that the process of professionalisation has differential socio-political dimensions, so too does the fact that not all learned occupations necessarily become professions. This point is more recently underlined by the comparison of herbalism and acupuncture in England, where herbalists alone have been earmarked by government to gain legal closure through statutory regulation given a perceived need for greater public protection in this area – despite having equivalent knowledge and expertise and arguably less rigorous and unified occupational organisational structures to those of the acupuncturists(Saks 2011) on also needs to be paid to the ideological dimen-sions of professions above and beyond knowledge and expertise in understanding the success and failure of professionalisation in defining professions. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be illustrated with reference to altruism, so often put forwardby taxonomic writers as a distinctive actual professional characteristic (Saks 1995). The case of herbalism and acupuncture underlines its potential importance, as the British government has Saks: Defining a Profession:The Role of Knowledge and Expertisewww.professionsandprofessionalism.comPage6placed a heavy emphasis on the protection of the public in modernising the health professions (Baggott 2004). However, the level of altruism of professions relative to other occupations –as distinct from the legitimating ideological claim itself –has rarely been systematically scrutinised. Interestingly, while a recent replicated Swedish survey of a range of professions, semi-professions and pre-professions –from lawyers to graphic designers –unusually analysed the amount of public trust given to such groups, it did not examine the relative position of non-professionalised occupations (Svensson 2011). So who teaches on all of these courses? The FE college workforce has begun to emerge as a serious area of research interest, a process that has gathered pace during the last fifteen years or so as successive governments have sought to reform and regulate the workforce in different ways. During this period, FE teacher training has been reformed, made compulsory and then returned to a voluntary activity. And FE teachers have been ‘professionalised’ and ‘re-professionalised’. Over the last fifteen years, three entirely new sets of professional standards for teachers and trainers in the sector have in turn been consulted on, published, and mapped onto teacher-training curricula and staff appraisal systems. Continuing professional development has been mandated and then discarded. Mentoring and coaching have been introduced, although provision is uneven. One professional body – the Institute for Learning – came, briefly and rather unimpressively stayed, and then left, and a new professional organisation – the Society for Education and Training – has recently emerged instead. Not without reason has the sector been characterised as undergoing endless change. During the constant changes of the last fifteen years or so, the issue of teacher professionalism has remained persistently troublesome. Different models or philosophies of professionalism jostle for space amongst contradictory policy discourses and initiatives. Do we want a qualified workforce or not? Do we want compulsory CPD? Should FE teaching also be a graduate – or equivalent – profession? Should part-time staff be required to have the same professional qualifications as full-time staff? Are professional standards or benchmarks a tool for professional development or for quality assurance, audit and performance management? is it any wonder that meaningful discussions about what it means to be a professional teacher in FE remain difficult to pin down? Questions such as these persist but are arguably absent from much of the day-to-day experience of teachers in the sector, perhaps pushed sideways by teaching and assessment requirements (it is not uncommon for a full-time FE teacher to deliver over 850 contact hours each year) and employment conditions (almost two-thirds of teachers in FE are on part-time contracts and the staff turnover rate for teachers is almost one in five (Education and Training Foundation, 2014)). In a sector characterised by relatively high staff turnover, diversity in teacher profiles, backgrounds and experience, variable working conditions and constant changes to policy, is it any wonder that meaningful discussions about what it means to be a professional teacher in FE remain difficult to pin down? The Post-Compulsory and Lifelong Learning SIG seeks to encourage research into not only questions such as these relating to teacher preparation and professionalism, but also into other areas relating to further education, adult and community education and work-based learning more generally, including the curriculum, the students and the organisations involved. Come and talk to us at the 2015 conference, or get in touch online. References Education and Training Foundation (2014). Further Education Workforce Data for England. Retrieved from: http://www.et-foundation.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/SIR-Report.pdf (date accessed, 17 June 2015). Lucas, N. (2004). The ‘FENTO Fandango’: national standards, compulsory teaching qualifications and the growing regulation of FE teachers. Journal of Further and Higher Education 28(1) 35-51. Lucas, N., Nasta, T. and Rogers, L. (2012). From fragmentation to chaos? The regulation of initial teacher training in further education. British Educational Research Journal 38(4) 677-695. Robson, J. and Bailey, B. (2009). ‘Bowing from the heart’: an investigation into discourses of professionalism and the work of caring for students in further education. British Educational Research Journal 35(1) 99-117 Tummons, J. (2014a). The textual representation of professionalism: problematising professional standards for teachers in the UK lifelong learning sector. Research in Post-Compulsory Education 19(1): 33-44. Tummons, J. (2014b). Professional standards in teacher education: tracing discourses of professionalism through the analysis of textbooks Research in Post-Compulsory Education 19(4): 417-432. But these are all much more than simply ‘values’ we should hold or aspire to. They are prescriptive expectations of colleges, teachers and their practice that are constantly monitored, measured and audited. Quality assurance is rife in FE, from OFSTED inspections, stakeholder and learner surveys and course audits, to staff appraisals, observations and close analysis of (mainly) quantitative data. Smith (2016) points out that ‘quality assurance systems with their SMART targets and ‘measurable outcomes’ are regrettably a commonplae feature in FE. That is something that should give us serious cause for concern’. He argues that when QA procedures are implemented in an unintelligent, managerialist way several things happen: Good quality teaching and learning is valued less and there is greater focus on the ‘output’ – the success rates, achievement levels or retention rates alone. The quality of educational relationships are undermined Extra-ordinary, life-changing relationships between teachers, students and knowledge lose value This cycle of QA, auditing, control and measurement values and ‘prioritises the knowledge of policy-makers and auditors, rather than the expertise of the professional teacher’ (Pleasance, 2016, p.75). OFSTED inspections (much reduced in terms of depth and scope) only contribute to these phenomena since they take statistical data as a starting point and a defining factor in their judgements (Smith, 2016). So how do these conceptions of value and this heavy focus on QA impact me as a lecturer and on my learners? Personal values, better described as ‘the ethical bases of our actions and beliefs’ (Bolton, 2014, p.22) do change as we grow but are very deep seated and woven into our very being. Personal values drive our attitudes and actions, but we rarely stop to examine and question them. Balancing personal values and principles with those of the organisation and external bodies can be difficult. I like to take a humanistic, holistic approach to teaching and my learners (this fits with my person-centred, humanistic approach in my professional counselling role). I value my relationship with them, I want to make a difference, treat them with care, teach and behave with openness and integrity and help them leave the course with more than just a grade on a piece of paper. External and internal moderation systems, course evaluation and QA activities focus heavily on grades and achievement. I also value achievement for my learners but believe that education is more than just a grade or qualification that prepares a learner to earn money and contribute to the local and national economy. Ball (2004:15) agrees, highlighting a worrying trend in education, suggesting the commodification of education is producing a system where ‘beliefs and values are no longer important – it is output that counts’. How to cite International Business Environment, Papers

Sinopec’s impact on the sustainable and environment-friendly development free essay sample

Nowadays, it is commonly recognized that human has destroyed natural environment with the human society and urbanization’s development. As the environment much more concerned by society and climate change influencing people’s daily life, Sinopec recognized that develop a sustainable and environment-friendly production could bring long-term benefits and satisfied society. As a worldwide energy and petrochemical company, Sinopec pay large attention to the environment protection (Green and Low-Carbon Growth 2011). However, the high toxic plants (Three Petroleum Plants Closed 2012) and water (China Intensifies Efforts to Combat Water Pollution 2007) pollution problems caused by Sinopec, posed high environmental risk. These problems affected the public health and destroyed ecological system. As a result, the negative performance may damage the environment as well as company’s profit losing. This essay analyses both negative and positive performances of Sinopec on corporate environmental responsibility, including high toxic pollution explosion and Green and low-carbon growth program as well as the impact on society and stakeholders. The negative performance of Sinopec The issue of corporate environmental responsibility has grown with increasing severely environmental pollutions during recent years. Petrochemical giant Sinopec has suspended production at subsidiaries in Guangdong after the environmental pollution breaches exposed on state TV. Based on the CCTV report, it is known by society that no on supervised the company and required to correct their mistakes even it was obverse that their pollution were out of legal range in China. The company continue bullying relevant organizations and local governments, claiming their operations are essential for the national economic growth and society regardless the livelihood of citizens (Three Petroleum Plants Closed 2012). Based on the CCTV report that a subsidiary of Sinopec dumped poison sewage in rainwater drains with improper method. The plant was also set up to have resumed operation without accept after being asked to close in May because failing to settle down citizens. Another subsidiary illegally kept a great amount of liquid into two tanks that designed for emergency use only (Li, Jing 2012).â€Å"And Xinzhongmei Chemical Industrial, a joint venture in Zhanjiang partially controlled by Sinopec, tried to dilute its waste with tap water before dumping it. CCTV reported that Mo Zhi, the companys general manager, described the pungent odour from drainage pipes as cooking smells in an attempt to cover up the illegal handling of the waste. † (Three Petroleum Plants Closed 2012). Greenpeace China campaigner Ma Tianjie claimed that it is seriously irresponsible for Sinopec because of the highly toxic waste. In these years, the projects of Sinopec have became opposite from local people so that environmentalists thought the state TV expose the truth to the society based on reliable evidence (Li, Jing 2012). Recently, the Sinopec engineering said the demand of coal-to-chemical projects grow fast and support by the local government in spite of carbon emission and scarcity concerns of limited resources. Because of the contracts with government, the outstanding orders are growing fast (Eric Ng 2013). Coal take 80% of Chinese energy use, which is a big factor significant contributing the air quality in China. However, another essential part is low-grade fuel burned by Cars and trucks in China. Because of the cleaning cost growth, the earning of Sinopec is reduced to some extent (Orlik, Tom 2013). It can be seem through the examples above that environmental pollution not only causing people suffered unprecedented physical hurt but also reduce the benefits of Sinopec, the most essential problem is it unavoidable lead to ecosystem out of balance. The positive performances of Sinopec On the other hand, Sinopec has contributed on develop sustainable and environment-friendly production. In 2011, Sinopec give signature responsibility contract of reducing pollution and no charge target with local government, and set up the 12th Five-Year Plan for the environmental protecting activity of Sinopec, which disposes main environment-related task in long-term developing. At the same time, Sinopec keep improve regulations of protecting environment and carried out EIA seriously. They also made great efforts in advertising green growth and resource efficiency. For instance, comparing industrial effluent discharge with last year, â€Å"this year decreased by 8. 7%, on-spec rate of discharged waste water grew by 0. 4%, and COD discharge went down by 16. 9%. SO2, NOx and NHx emissions reduced by 9. 8%, 3. 4% and 34. 9% respectively† (Green Operation 2011). What is different is that Sinopec improve the treatment of waste gas, waste water and industrial residue (Three wasters), try best to reach the standards and minimize the impact to the environment. Furthermore, Sinopec found process, equipment and invite expert groups to protect environment, define problems and resolve. There is a new program of expend recycle economy and turning waste to worth in order to consuming less energy and high efficiency. Also, Sinopec put great effort on eco-environment restoration around abandoned area and along the pipelines so that they can minimize the impact on environment (Green Operation 2011). Climate change is a heat issue for all human beings over the world. It is commonly accepted that people’s lifestyle changed as the climate change. Therefore, most companies have changed and proved products and service in order to fulfill the scarcity of customers. So does Sinopec. The company pays attention to â€Å"shift the stage of growth, optimized energy structure, utilize low-carbon energy resource†. For example, Sinopec focus on commercial test of CO2 recovering, to reduce GHG and prepare well for the climate change (Fight against climate change 2011). Sinopec continued â€Å"efforts in industrial restructuring and integrating production capacities and operations†. Expansion of resources reduced significantly and produced less CO2. From 2006 to 2011, the average capacity increased by 25. 7%, while that of ethylene facilities reduced by 13. 2% (Fight against climate change 2011). Experienced several years, the capacity of production still increasing, Sinopec reached great grates in reducing energy and decreasing consumption to enhance administration, develop different techniques, facilities and unique process of producing. Refining and ethylene intensive energy of production, reduced separately by 2. 0% and 4. 3%. We cut 540000 tones coal equivalent that as same as reducing 1.33 million tons CO2 or planting 12 million trees (Green and Low-Carbon Growth 2011). E-power service station. We tend to set up â€Å"refilling and recharging service networks in 13 provinces and cities for both regular autos and electric autos. † By now, we have successfully built up two stations of recharging in the city of Beijing and Shenzhen, and six refilling and recharging demo stations in Shanghai and Anhui (Green and Low-Car bon Growth 2011). There is a unique lifestyle called â€Å"Low-Carbon Lifestyle†, which is the major way for Sinopec to improve capacity and living level for employees. For building a â€Å"green† company, they motivate staff to take part in various campaign and activities, such as planting trees, watching environmental relevant movie and so on, in order to increasing the awareness of environment-friendly and low carbon lifestyle. By using this method, Sinopec spread the Low-Carbon Lifestyle to the consumers, employees, suppliers and other group of stakeholder. Raising the awareness of social duty and protect the environment (Fight against climate change 2011). Conclusion As an international petrochemical and energy company, Sinopec has a big social responsibility and influence power. After weigh up negative and positive performance of Sinopec, it can be seen that the contribution is overweight breaches. Due to the improper treatment, Sinopec improve the performance step by step. There is no doubt that Sinopec plays the important role in the national economy and society. The value of green growth and low-carbon lifestyle are sustainable and advanced. However, the negative performance of Sinopec should be corrected and standardized by law, contracts and the local governments, especially the problem is relevant to the balance of entire ecosystem. Using the internal force of Sinopec to protect environment and lead a green lifestyle is another method. First, Sinopec need to improve the skills og communicating and interacting. Innovation, idea and flexibility are important in business. Petrochemical pollution and three wastes cannot be ignored. Every single person needs to pay attention to the environment aspect. As a result, Sinopec can resolve the problem and enhance the social responsibility, which can help the company improve the reputation and communicate better with customers, employees and other stakeholder.